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Falls

Thomas Horton

Background

  • Screen annually for falls in the past year
  • History of fall is a strong risk factor for future falls
  • Recommended History Screening Tool: CDC STEADI Algorithm
  • Physical Exam Screening Tools:
  • If potentially unstable injuries (new spine fracture or lower extremity fracture): Ask ortho to clear the patient for mobility
  • If no potentially unstable injuries, attempt to get the patient out of bed
    • If lying down, have them lift each leg off the bed
    • If they can do this, ask them to sit up on side of bed
    • If they can do this, ask them to stand
    • If they can do this without assistance, then observe them walk
  • The Timed “up and Go” Test (TUG) tool for fall risk
    • Have the patient rise from sitting in a chair, walk 10 feet forward, turn around, walk back to chair, and sit down
    • Patients who require > 10 seconds are at increased risk for falls
  • Med Rec:
    • Antipsychotics, antidepressants, anticholinergics, anxiolytics, sedatives/hypnotics, anti-hypertensives, antiarrhythmics, steroids, statins all can increase risk of falls

Management

  • Rule out other causes: Cardiac, Neurologic, Infectious
  • Check Vitamin D levels (goal > 30) and supplement (800-1000 IU daily) if at increased fall risk
  • Assess visual acuity (e.g. expedite cataract surgery)
  • Hearing assessment (audiology screen)
  • Consult Inpatient PT/OT and refer for HH PT/OT for home safety evaluation at discharge
  • Recommend non-skid shoes with a backing (sneaker)
  • Modify extrinsic risk factors for falls: removal of fall hazards, placement of handrails
  • Referral to Exercise programs: At VUMC = Dayani Center “Ambulatory Referral to Medical Fitness” outpatient order
Last update: 2022-06-13 17:46:22